The blue peacock, also known as the Indian peacock, is not only a beautiful bird with striking plumage but also a valuable source of meat, prized for its tender and flavorful flesh. Han Junfeng, a former worker from Suibin Farm, has been raising blue peacocks since 2000, and today his flock has grown to over 100 birds. Through years of experience, he has developed effective techniques for breeding, hatching, and raising blue peacocks in northern cold regions. He now runs a successful farm that sells peacock eggs, young birds, adult peacocks, and various peacock-related products. Here are some key techniques he has mastered:
**1. Feeding and Diet Formulation for Blue Peacocks**
The main feed formula includes: 30% corn flour, 10% sorghum flour, 20% soybean cake, 10% bran, 22% barley residue, 4.5% fishmeal, 3% bone meal, and 0.5% salt. Supplementary feeds consist of calcium carbonate, shells, trace elements, and various vitamins. Green feed should be chopped and mixed or fed separately. Pellets are preferred, while oil crops like pockmarked seeds and suzi can be used as winter supplements. During breeding, moulting, or brooding periods, it's important to add vitamin B1, B2, E, shell powder, and mineral feed to support health and growth.
**2. Breeding Techniques**
- **Breeding Season**: Blue peacocks typically breed between June and August, but under controlled conditions, this period can be extended.
- **Estrus and Courtship**: Male peacocks display their colorful tail feathers in a fan-like shape, called "opening the screen," while shaking and calling to attract females. This behavior can last up to 7 minutes and is repeated several times. In group settings, females may become excited by multiple males.
- **Mating**: A male-to-female ratio of 1:3 to 5 is recommended. After mating, females lay eggs in sand pits. Eggs must be collected regularly to avoid damage or overcrowding.
**3. Incubation Methods**
- **Natural Incubation**: Hens such as quails or native chickens are often used to hatch peacock eggs. Each hen can incubate 4–6 eggs at a time. They are released twice daily for defecation and feeding, then return to incubation after about 15 minutes. The incubation period lasts 26–28 days, with checks on day 7, 14, and 21.
- **Artificial Incubation**: Specialized incubators can be used, adjusted to fit peacock egg sizes. Proper disinfection and care are essential during the process.
**4. Brooding Management**
- **Brooding Environment**: Young peacocks are kept in small groups in clean, dry spaces with good ventilation. Cages are used for the first 2 months, with dimensions of 250 cm x 200 cm x 60 cm.
- **Temperature and Humidity**: For the first 10 days, maintain 34–38°C; 28–26°C for days 11–20; and 26–24°C for days 21–30. After that, adjust to room temperature. Humidity should stay between 60% and 70%.
- **Feeding Schedule**: From day 1–10, feed 4 times a day with cooked eggs, powders, green feed, and worms. Days 11–30 require 3 meals per day, including minced meat. From 31–60 days, reduce to 2–3 meals, adding corn and sorghum residues.
- **General Care**: Keep density low, allow free access to food and water, and maintain a calm environment. Regular cleaning, deworming, and disease prevention are crucial. Sick chicks should be isolated immediately.
**5. Adult Management**
- **Growth Period (61 days to 2 years)**: Provide a balanced diet with pellets and green feed. Monitor weight regularly. For commercial purposes, peacocks can be sold when they reach 3.5–4 kg at 8 months old.
- **Laying Period (Over 2 years)**: Maintain a 1:3 to 5 male-to-female ratio. Use spacious enclosures with 5m x 10m areas, net height of 5m, and mesh size of 1.5–2.5 cm. Plant shade trees in outdoor areas. Feed in measured amounts, keep the area clean, and avoid disturbances.
**6. Seasonal Management**
- **Spring**: Increase protein, vitamins, and minerals. Place nests in corners with soft bedding.
- **Summer**: Focus on concentrated feed and green vegetables. Ensure cleanliness and cooling.
- **Autumn**: Reduce feed during molting. Use zinc oxide additives to speed up feather loss, and increase protein and vitamins to support regrowth.
- **Winter**: Add more grains and oils. Cover the floor with litter and ensure proper ventilation.
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