Pre-editing: Li Qiang, Xingtai Village, Ji County, Yibin City, said: After reading this newspaper's introduction to Xinjin Chicken's story of getting rich, he was inspired. He said that many farmers in the area have raised black-bone chickens, but the problem of high mortality rates has not been resolved and it is hoped that they can fully understand the feeding knowledge of black-bone chickens. To this end, today's special introduction of black bone chicken breeding technology, and will introduce the prevention technology of black bone chicken next week, so stay tuned.
The black-bone chicken, also known as black-bone chicken, is mainly composed of silky, white, black and yellow feathers. At present, the breeding of black-boned chickens by many farmers has become a shortcut to increase income. The technical points of the common black-bone chicken are introduced for reference by the majority of farmers.
Seedling preparation
First, chicken house selection and disinfection
The chicken house was built. The chicken house should be built in the center of the stocking area on the sunny side of Yang Ping. The building materials can be adapted to local conditions, local materials, wood, bamboo, plastic, oil felt, canvas, straw, etc. To build a simple chicken house in the north and south direction, with a pyramid or a greenhouse as a good example, with the south door open, the edge of the house is 1.5-2 meters high and the roof is 2-2.5 meters high. The ground is flat, compacted and bedding. The chicken house requires insulation, wind protection, no leakage, no accumulation of water. The chicken house can accommodate about 8-10 chickens per square meter. At the same time set up a playground outside the chicken house, the area is more than 2 times the chicken house. Requires the planting of trees, a resting shed, sun protection and rain protection; installation of troughs and drinking fountains.
Remove any foreign materials in the house, including chicken droppings, litter, sinks, feed troughs, brooding nets, etc., clean the floor and walls, replace the soil, and then close the doors and windows for fumigation, using formalin 30 per square meter. Mix 15 ml of potassium permanganate and seal it for 24 hours before opening ventilation.
Second, the choice of feeding methods all in full out of feeding. Plane free-range, intermediate replacement dunnage 1 times. According to the area of ​​the house, the amount of breeding was determined, and all the feeds were sold out (or sold out in a short time), and sales were mainly based on wholesale. Disinfect the stalls for 1 week and sell the next batch.
Divided section feeding. Use 2 or more relatively independent houses, 1 as a brooding house and 1 as a growth house. After the group was transferred, it was sterilized for an interval of about 1 week and then brooded. The first batch of bred, all in and out (or sold out in a short time), sales mainly to the wholesale. Disinfect the empty stalls for about one week before proceeding with the next batch of rearing.
Retail segmented feeding. Use 3 or more relatively independent rooms, divided into a brooding house, a pre-growth house and a post-growth house, with an area ratio of 1:2:4. Brooding 25-30 days before transfer to the previous growth room, after the group to disinfect the empty column for more than 1 week, and then into the young brooding; pre-feeding 30 days to the post-growth room, after the group to disinfect the empty column for about 1 week, cycle feeding In the latter period of 20 days or so, it began to be marketed and sold mainly to retail sales. The weight of the sold chickens should reach 1 kg per bird or more, and they should be sold out within 10 days. After 20 days, the entire chickens that can not reach the sales weight will be discarded. Prepare for the group. In this way, the batch rearing rate was 20 times of the average daily sales.
Brooding rearing
The brooding period (0-8 weeks old) is the key stage of the entire breeding management. The survival rate of chicks, the speed of growth and development, and the quality of the constitution directly affect the economic benefits. Must master the following points.
First, the choice of chicken seedlings currently used in the southern Chinese garden breeds are Xuefeng black bone chicken, Jiangshan white feather black bone chicken, Sichuan mountain black chicken, Taihe black bone chicken and gold silk chicken and so on. You can choose the right variety according to local consumption habits.
The healthy chicks are evenly sized, their fluffs are shiny, their eyes are bright, their egg yolks are well absorbed, their umbilicus rings are smooth, they have no blood, they are lively and active, they are loud and loud, they are flexible in their hands, they struggle hard and their anus is clean. Fecal adhesion.
Second, brooding temperature, humidity, black bone chicken small size, relatively high temperature requirements. The 1-4 day old should be at 36-37°C, 5-8 days at 34-35°C, and then drop 2°C every week, and keep at 23-25°C after 5 weeks of age. While maintaining the room temperature, pay attention to ventilation, keep the indoor air fresh and avoid the occurrence of respiratory diseases.
The relative humidity in the brooding room is about 65% of the first week and about 55% thereafter. It is appropriate for people to feel that the humidity is hot and not dry. If the humidity is low, use sprayer to spray water; when the humidity is high, ventilation and temperature increase should be strengthened.
Third, timely drinking, feeding chickens to rest after a break 1-2 hours in time to drink warm boiled water, the temperature of about 20 °C is appropriate, 1 liter of water plus 50 grams of glucose, rehydration salt 1 gram, and then drinking 0.01% permanganate Potassium water once. After drinking enough water, you can eat and feed 6-7 times a day. Let's start with half cooked rice and then use chicken feed. It is advisable to eat it in about 20 minutes. After 2-4 weeks of age, feeds are changed to feeding troughs. The feeds are fed less frequently. The principle of feeding is 80% full. In the first week, feed 6-7 times a day. After 1 week, 5-6 times, with shorter illumination time. Gradually reduce the number of feedings. You can feed your own chicks with the following formula: corn 55%, sorghum 5%, wheat bran 4%, barley 5%, fish meal 9%, soybean meal 16%, loquat powder 3%, bone meal 2.5%, salt 0.37%, various Vitamins 0.05%, methionine 0.08%.
Fourth, the breeding density, a reasonable light density is too large, the young black bone chicken feed intake uneven drinking water, development is not neat. At the age of 1-14 days, there are 50 animals per square meter, 15 animals per square meter at 15-20 days, and about 20 per square meter at 21-24 days of age. Observe the chicks' drinking and feeding at any time, and adjust the density and the size of the drinking fountains and trays in time.
Illumination at 7 days is appropriate for 20-24 hours per day. After 7 days of age, the light is reduced by 2 hours per week until the light is 13 hours. The light intensity is 4 watts per square meter, which is changed to 1-2 watts per square meter after 15 days of age.
5. Timely deterrence In order to prevent dehydration and reduce feed wastage, cut off half of the length from the axillary tip to the nostril with a cutting device at 7-10 days of age, and cut a third of the lower jaw. It is also possible to break the incomplete resection at the age of 20 days. At the same time drinking water to add VK3, electrolysis multidimensional reduce bleeding and stress.
6. Disinfect the chicken once every 3 days for regular disinfection, spray 1:2000 dilution with 100 toxins, and use 2 kinds of disinfectants with different ingredients, the effect will be better.
Chicken Management
Medium chickens of black bone chickens are used for medium chickens and medium chickens. The medium-bred chicken used for breeding is the broiler chicken that is raised from the temperature to the pre-harvest growth stage, ie, 9-25 weeks of age. The medium-broiler chicken is used for the debrided raising to the chicken in the listed stage. The general requirement is 60-150 days. Age, weight 0.8-1.2 kg, can be sold for pharmaceutical factories and foreign trade. It is required to increase the intake of full-price diets and increase the slaughter rate and commodity rate. Meat chickens generally use flat raising. Anything not reserved for use can be transferred to commercial chickens. The diets fed with higher energy and higher crude protein levels were free to eat, allowing them to be plump and stocked with certain fats when they were listed on the 100-150 day old diet. Egg chickens are mainly fenced or grazing.
First, the broiler chicks are terminated at the end of the brooding period, and the growth rate is markedly accelerated. The husbandry and management personnel should perform strength and weakness, size, and male-female grouping at any time. Grouping is best done at night or in the morning, and adding multivitamins to drinking water prevents stress. The density at this time is controlled at 8-10/m2. When eggs are laid or seeded for 120 days, they are transferred to laying hen houses. If it is only at the time of opening, the group will be easily stimulated and affect the egg production rate. Transit should be done in the evening and try to keep quiet.
Second, the feed supply chicks enter the breeding period, the diet will be fed from the original chicken material chicken feed and big chicken feed. In order to reduce the stress caused by feed replacement, the transition of the feed must be observed and cannot be changed suddenly. The transition period is usually 3-5 days. The specific method is: the first day of the diet consists of the transitional material and the transitional material; the second day consists of the transitional material and the transitional material; the third day is the transitional material and the transition. After the material composition; the fourth day was completely replaced by the transition material. Twenty days before slaughter, feed chickens and stop using drugs to prevent drug residues.
Breeders supply full-priced diets, either for powder or pellets. When feeding, the amount of discharge is limited to about 2/3 of the feeder's capacity, so as not to cause the chickens to go out, resulting in waste. It is advisable to feed 3 to 4 meals a day and one meal at night in winter. Moderate light, light 14-16 hours a day, light intensity of 15 square meters 40 watts, it is best to turn on the lights at 5 o'clock in the morning, turn off the lights after sunrise. Turn off the lights when you turn on the lights until 10 in the evening. The Sherwin should keep 13-25°C, keep the house quiet, set a sand basin or a sand pool in the sports ground, so that the chicken can freely eat sand and sand bath, which can prevent skin diseases and enhance digestive function. For quail eggs, before the chickens are transferred into the laying hen house, the laying boxes should be placed in the breeding hen houses. The chickens are timid and should not use the collective nesting boxes. Small nests should be used to lay eggs. The box should be evenly placed in a dark, well ventilated and quiet place.
Third, do a good job in winter and summer management summer hot climate, and chickens have no sweat glands, but also covered with feathers, poor heat resistance, easy to cause strong heat stress to chickens, so that broilers showed decreased feed intake, slow weight gain, mortality high. Therefore, the most important thing in summer management is cooling off. This problem should be taken into account during the design and construction of the hen house, so that the sheds are oriented in a rational and open space, so as to help reduce the radiation of the summer sun and provide good ventilation and ventilation. Around the house, planting lush foliage of trees or vines to shade the house can also reduce heat radiation. Houses with poor thermal insulation on the roof can be reduced in temperature by reducing the amount of heat absorbed by the roof of the house or by reducing the temperature of the roof water spray. Adjust the structure of the diet and feeding methods, and provide sufficient drinking water. During the fattening period, if the temperature exceeds 27°C, the feed intake is significantly reduced. It can increase the protein content by 1%-2% on the basis of the original dietary nutrient level, increase the multidimensional element by 30%-50%, and ensure that the ration is fresh. In order to reduce heat stress, anti-stress drugs can be appropriately added to the feed. For example, add Bacillus powder 0.1-0.2g per kilogram of diet; when the temperature is higher than 26°C, add appropriate amount of Vitamin C, 0.3% baking soda, 0.5% ammonium chloride, or 0.1% chlorinated in drinking water. Potassium and so on.
The key to winter management is protection against cold, proper ventilation, reduced humidity and harmful gas content. When the roof is cold, it must be covered with straw or plastic film. The window is sealed with a plastic film, and the ventilation and ventilation openings should be adjusted. When the temperature is low, artificial heating is required. Always change and add padding to ensure it is dry. As the maintenance needs of winter chickens increase, the energy level of the diet must be appropriately increased. When using fractional feeding, it is necessary to shorten the fasting time of the cold nights of chickens as much as possible, and to regularly check the flue gas to prevent gas and fire.
Environmental hygiene
Pay attention to ventilation and diligence
Reasonable ventilation can promote the development of heart and lung systems. Always change the litter to ensure that the house is clean and hygienic. Generally, the mat is replaced once a day for 10 days.
Doing a good job in environmental sanitation often takes care of the sanitation and anti-epidemic work of the chicken house and surrounding activities. Persist in using chicken disinfectants to disinfect poultry houses and surrounding activities on a weekly basis.
Pay attention to bio-safety. Observe whether there are any rat holes in the chicken house and plug the mouse hole in the chicken house in time. Take effective anti-rat measures to prevent cats, dogs, rats, and birds from causing damage to chickens and reduce the spread of the disease.
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