Tomato bacterial wilt

Tomato bacterial wilt, also known as bacterial vascular wilt, is a serious disease that affects solanaceous crops such as tomatoes, peppers, and eggplants. It commonly occurs during the flowering and fruit-setting stages of tomato plants, making it particularly damaging at this critical growth phase. The disease spreads quickly, often leading to plant death and significant yield losses. Symptoms typically appear after the plant has entered the fruiting stage. Initially, the lower and middle leaves may show signs of wilting, especially during midday, but they usually recover in the evening. As the infection progresses, if the weather is dry and temperatures are high, the entire plant can wilt and die within 2 to 3 days. In cooler conditions or when the soil is moist, the plants may remain symptomatic for up to a week before dying. Notably, the plants remain green even after death, which is why the disease is called "bacterial wilt." To manage tomato bacterial wilt effectively, crop rotation is essential. Avoid planting tomatoes in the same area year after year, and do not follow them with other solanaceous crops or legumes. A three- to five-year rotation with non-host crops like wheat or grasses, especially in paddy fields, can significantly reduce the risk. Additionally, using disease-free seedlings and maintaining proper cultivation practices are crucial for success. Selecting resistant varieties is another important strategy. Varieties such as Hybrid No. 1, Hybrid No. 3, Xia Xing, Fengshun, Kangqing No. 19, Xiangyin, Early Resistance No. 1, and others are recommended for areas with high disease pressure or during epidemic seasons. Good field management plays a key role in preventing the disease. Before planting, apply slaked lime to adjust the soil pH to a slightly alkaline level, which helps suppress bacterial growth. Choose appropriate sowing dates—early spring tomatoes should be transplanted early, while autumn tomatoes should be planted later to avoid high temperatures. Select well-drained land and ensure proper irrigation, avoiding watering during the hottest part of the day. All agricultural practices, including planting, fertilizing, and weeding, should be done carefully to avoid root damage. Use fully decomposed farmyard manure, and add adequate phosphorus and potassium to strengthen the plants' resistance. For infected plants, immediate action is necessary. Remove affected plants and disinfect the soil around the roots with a 2% formalin solution or 20% lime water. Alternatively, you can inject a 4000-fold dilution of 72% streptomycin or neomycin into the soil. Other treatments include applying a 500-fold solution of Agent "401," 50% DT, or 60% DTM WP at a rate of 0.5 liters per hole. Repeat the treatment every 10 to 15 days, applying it 2 to 3 times depending on the severity of the outbreak.

Black and White Ultrasound Scanner

"Black and White Ultrasound Scanner" is to emit ultrasonic waves, so that the ultrasonic waves encounter barriers to generate echoes, use the computer to collect these echoes, convert them into corresponding images and display them on the screen, and the images measured by the ultrasonic probe are black and white, so it is called " Black and White Ultrasound Scanner" is also the earliest diagnostic technology adopted by b-ultrasound.
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