Corn plants are susceptible to several growth issues that can affect their yield and overall health. One of the main concerns is premature aging, which occurs when the plant consumes excessive water and nutrients during its rapid growth phase. This can lead to soil hypoxia, reducing root activity and making it difficult for the plant to absorb water. Meanwhile, leaf transpiration remains high, especially on sunny days, causing the leaves to lose more water than they can take up. This imbalance can result in curled leaves, slow growth, and even wilting if nutrient levels are insufficient. To prevent this, proper drainage should be ensured in rainy areas, and early application of fine fertilizer or phosphorus spray during the flowering stage can help extend the green leaf period and improve ear development. Potassium sulfate can also be used to delay premature aging.
Another common issue is insufficient air circulation and poor nutrition, which can hinder ear differentiation. When the planting density is too high, the photosynthetic efficiency decreases, and imbalances in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium can lead to empty stalks. To address this, proper spacing is essential to ensure good airflow and sunlight penetration. Timely supply of nutrients and moisture is important to support ear formation, and a balanced combination of the three major nutrients should be maintained. In low-fertility soils, adding organic fertilizer can improve conditions, while in high-fertility areas, extra phosphorus during the seedling stage helps develop strong roots and stalks. If the plants become too dense or weak, thinning them out promptly can help.
A third problem is the lack of phosphate fertilizers, which can cause barren ears and poor grain filling. During the booting and flowering stages, phosphate deficiency can disrupt sugar metabolism and protein synthesis, leading to reduced spike size and slower filament elongation, which affects pollination and results in barren kernels. Additionally, potassium deficiency can hinder the transport of carbohydrates to the grains, resulting in underdeveloped starch content. Insect infestations, wind damage, or heavy rain during flowering can further interfere with pollination and cause empty ears. To prevent these issues, it's important to apply sufficient phosphate and potassium fertilizers, manage irrigation during dry periods, and consider artificial pollination during flowering to enhance yield.
Lastly, excessive planting density can lead to lodging, where the stems become weak and fall over due to improper fertilizer and water management. This can significantly reduce yield. To prevent lodging, deep tilling and proper base fertilizer application are recommended to strengthen the plant’s foundation. Soil cultivation should be done carefully to ensure stability. A balanced use of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is essential, along with maintaining appropriate plant density to allow sufficient sunlight for healthy growth. Strong, thick stalks will improve the plant’s resistance to lodging and increase overall productivity.
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