Occurrence and Prevention of Cotton Blindness

Cotton aphids are among the most destructive pests in cotton cultivation. These pests, both adults and nymphs, feed on the tips, young leaves, buds, and bolls of cotton plants, causing significant damage. Infested cotton seedlings often show scorched and darkened top buds, leading to twisted growth, distorted leaves, and the premature dropping of young buds and bolls. This can severely affect the overall development and yield of the crop. Cotton aphids are attracted to light and thrive in dense cotton fields. They prefer warm and humid conditions, with optimal temperatures ranging between 20°C and 30°C and relative humidity around 80%. Egg hatching is inhibited when temperatures fall below 11°C or exceed 35°C. Heavy rainfall in July and August also promotes their population growth. After rain or irrigation, aphid damage tends to increase rapidly, especially in fields near green manure or weeds, where infestations are more severe. To manage cotton aphids effectively, one key strategy is balanced fertilization. Farmers should use a combination of organic and chemical fertilizers, including biological and micronutrient supplements. Overuse of nitrogen should be avoided, as it can lead to excessive vegetative growth that attracts aphids. Another important practice is the timely removal of crop residues, dead leaves, and weeds from the field. When the population reaches 5%–10% of the plants in the field, and there are 100–200 aphids per plant, insecticides such as 30% acephate EC, 48% chlorpyrifos EC, or 20% fenvalerate EC can be applied. Mix the solution at a ratio of 1:1500 to 1:2000 and spray evenly. It's best to apply the spray in the evening, ensuring thorough coverage by starting from the edges and moving toward the center. Repeat the treatment every seven days for effective control.

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