First, site preparation is crucial for successful shrimp farming. The ideal area size ranges from 1 to 15 acres, with the best being between 3 to 8 acres. The water depth should be around 1.5 meters, and the bottom should be flat with loamy soil for better nutrient retention. The beach foot should be 3 to 4 meters wide, and the pond must be leak-proof, capable of holding both water and nutrients. It’s also important to have a separate irrigation and drainage system with a reliable and sufficient water supply.
Next, clearing the pond is essential before stocking. First, drain the pond and expose the bottom to sunlight for over 10 days. This helps dry the soil, break down organic matter, improve fertility, and kill harmful organisms. Then, remove excess silt, keeping it to about 20 cm in thickness, and level the bottom. Repair any leaks or cracks, remove weeds, and install a 40-mesh filter at the inlet and outlet to prevent young shrimp from escaping and stop predators from entering.
Disinfection is another critical step. About 7 to 10 days before introducing shrimp eggs, apply 70 to 100 kg of lime per acre across the entire pond and let it dry. This helps eliminate pathogens and ensures a clean environment for the shrimp.
Second, stocking time is usually scheduled in mid to late May through early June, depending on the breeding cycle. Collect wild female shrimp from natural waters like lakes, selecting healthy ones that are at least 5 cm long and carrying fertilized eggs with a light green or gray-brown color. These eggs should be firm and not easily separated. If the eggs are too pale, with transparent bodies and black compound eyes, they may be close to hatching and could be lost. Transport the egg-bearing shrimp in the morning using live water boats or aeration systems to ensure their survival.
When stocking, fill the pond with water to a depth of 0.7 to 0.8 meters and release 4 to 5 kg of egg shrimp per acre. Once the water temperature reaches 14°C or higher, feed them with pellets, soybean cake, wheat bran, and small fish or snails. Each morning, flush the water gently and monitor the shrimps’ activity and egg development. After about 10 days, depending on maturity and environmental conditions, the eggs will hatch. Once all eggs have hatched, use nets or cages to collect the broodstock.
Third, nursery management is vital for the growth of larvae. One week after stocking, begin fertilizing the pond. Apply fermented organic manure such as chicken or pig dung at 250-300 kg per mu when the eggs turn grayish brown and eye spots appear. Throughout the nursery phase, maintain water quality by adding more fertilizer as needed. If the water becomes too clear or has blue mud, add 4 kg of ammonium bicarbonate and superphosphate per acre. Always add 15 cm of fresh water after each fertilizer application to keep the water rich in nutrients and support the larvae’s food supply.
Feeding during the nursery stage starts with yellow soy milk three days after hatching. Feed 0.5 kg of soybeans per acre daily, gradually increasing to 1 kg. As the shrimp grow and transition to benthic life, introduce crushed feeds like wheat flour, fish meal, and silkworm pupae. A mix of plant and animal-based feeds in a 3:1 ratio is recommended. Distribute the food along the edges of the pond, and occasionally scatter some rice bran in the center. For every 10,000 seedlings of 1.5 to 2 cm, approximately 2 kg of feed is needed.
Disease prevention focuses on maintaining good water quality. Keep the water transparency between 30 to 40 cm and dissolved oxygen above 4 mg/L. Add water every 3 to 5 days, increasing the level by 5 to 10 cm each time. Every 10 days, spray 5 to 8 kg of lime per acre per meter of water depth to control algae and maintain a healthy environment.
Finally, harvesting typically occurs around 45 days after stocking. At this point, the shrimp reach 1.5 to 2 cm in size and can be moved to adult ponds or sold. Before catching, remove debris and lower the water level carefully to avoid stress. Use nets to catch the shrimp and transfer them into prepared cages for sale. Always work with water to minimize damage and ensure the shrimp remain healthy throughout the process.
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