First, site preparation is essential for successful shrimp farming. The ideal area size ranges from 1 to 15 acres, with the best results seen in plots of 3 to 8 acres. The water depth should be approximately 1.5 meters, and the pond bottom should be flat with loamy soil for better stability. The shoreline should be 3 to 4 meters wide, ensuring that the pond can retain both water and nutrients. A separate irrigation and drainage system is necessary, along with a reliable and sufficient water supply to support the entire growing cycle.
Next, clearing the pond is crucial before introducing shrimp. First, drain the water so the pond bottom is exposed to sunlight for over 10 days. This helps dry the soil, accelerates the breakdown of organic matter, improves fertility, and eliminates harmful organisms. Then, remove excess silt from the pond floor, keeping it at around 20 cm thick, and level the bottom. Repair any leaks, cracks, or damaged outlets, and clear weeds from the edges and the pool itself. Install a 40-mesh filter net at the inlet and outlet to prevent shrimp seedlings from escaping and to block predators from entering.
Disinfection is another important step. About 7 to 10 days before stocking, apply lime at a rate of 70 to 100 kg per acre across the entire pond. This helps eliminate pathogens and prepares the environment for healthy shrimp growth.
Next comes the stocking phase. The timing depends on the availability of shrimp seedlings, usually during mid to late May through early June. Collect wild female shrimp from natural waters like lakes, selecting those that are healthy, unharmed, and at least 5 cm in size. Look for females carrying fertilized eggs that are light green or gray-brown in color. These eggs are more likely to hatch successfully and reduce the risk of losing them during the process. Transport the egg-bearing shrimp using live water boats or aerated containers to maintain their health.
Stocking involves adding water to a depth of 0.7 to 0.8 meters and placing 4 to 5 kg of egg shrimp per acre. Once the water temperature reaches 14°C or higher, feed the shrimp with pellets, soybean cake, wheat bran, and small fish or snails. Morning water flow should be maintained, and daily monitoring of the shrimp’s activity and egg development is essential. After about 10 days, depending on maturity, weather, and water temperature, the larvae will hatch. Once all the eggs have hatched, use nets or traps to collect the broodstock.
The nursery stage focuses on feeding and maintaining optimal conditions. Fertilize the pond one week after stocking, applying fermented organic manure such as chicken or pig dung at 250–300 kg per mu when the eggs turn grayish brown and eye spots appear. Continue top-dressing with fertilizer throughout the nursery period. If the water becomes too clear or turns blue, add 4 kg of ammonium bicarbonate and superphosphate per acre. Always add 15 cm of fresh water after each fertilizer application to maintain water quality and ensure enough food for the larvae.
Feeding during the nursery phase starts with yellow soy milk three days after hatching, at a rate of 0.5 kg per acre per day, gradually increasing to 1 kg. As the shrimp grow and transition to benthic life, introduce feeds like wheat flour, fish meal, and silkworm pupae. Feed them in a 3:1 ratio of plant-based to animal-based feed. Distribute the food around the pond edges and occasionally in the center. For every 10,000 shrimp seedlings of 1.5–2 cm, provide 2 kg of feed daily.
Disease prevention involves careful water management. Maintain water transparency between 30–40 cm and dissolved oxygen levels above 4 mg/L. Every 3–5 days, add 5–10 cm of fresh water. Every 10 days, apply 5–8 kg of lime per acre per meter of water depth to regulate pH and prevent disease outbreaks.
Finally, harvesting occurs after about 45 days of cultivation. Shrimp reach sizes of 1.5–2 cm and can be moved to adult ponds or sold. Before harvesting, remove weeds and floating debris, lower the water level, and avoid catching during molting periods. Use nets to catch the shrimp and transfer them into cages for sale. Throughout the process, always work with water to protect the shrimp from damage and stress.
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