1. Pond conditions Grass carp seedlings cultivation pond area is suitable for about 5 acres, the pool depth of 2 meters to 2.5 meters, pool-shaped east-west direction, quiet environment, surrounded by no tall trees and buildings, easy fishing pond lighting, ventilation. The pool bank is neat, the dyke is firm, and the bottom of the pool is flat. The silt is kept at a depth of 10 cm to 20 cm. The soil is loam or sandy loam soil. The pond has good water and fat retention and is easy to pull. The pond water source is stable and reliable, and it is convenient for water intake and drainage. Electricity, drainage and irrigation machinery and other infrastructure are complete.
2. Prepare clear ponds before planting. Clear water should be clear pond, mu using lime 150 kg or bleaching powder 4 kg to 5 kg, adjust the pool PH value, kill pathogenic organisms.
Shi Ji Fei. According to the condition of the pond bottom, with fermented and decomposed organic fertilizers, one full base fertilizer can be applied. The chicken manure can be used between 200 kg and 300 kg or between 400 kg and 500 kg for pig manure and 750 kg and 1,000 kg for horse manure. , A small amount piled up in the shallow water of the pond.
3. The stocking pattern of 250,000 to 37,000 tails of grass fry, 2500 to 3000 tails of carp seedlings, 1000 to 1,500 tails of carp seedlings, and 1000 to 1,500 tails of carp seedlings. Stocking species and specifications are 2.5cm~3cm Wuzi or Xiahua. When the size of the pond is large, the stocking amount can be reduced appropriately.
4. Pool water depth, transparency, and water quality When the fish fry enter the pond, the pool water depth is about 0.7 to 0.8 meters. When the pond is cultivated for 7 days to 15 days, the pool water depth increases to 1 meter. In the 20 days to 30 days of incubation, the depth of pool water increased to 1.2 meters. In the 40 days to 45 days of incubation, the depth of the pool water increased to 1.5 meters. At 2 months of incubation, the water depth increased to 1.8 meters. Into the autumn and winter pool water depth control in the 1.8 meters to 2 meters.
When the seedlings are released, the transparency of the pool water is less than 30 cm, and fertilizer is appropriately applied afterwards to control the pool water. In the summer, the transparency of pool water is controlled at about 25 cm to 30 cm, and it stays at about 35 cm in the fall.
(1) Water quality regulation 1 Grass carp black catfish or summer flower into the pond, for the pre-feeding transformation, feeding on zooplankton-based natural food, the water quality must be fat, transparency is controlled within 30 cm, can be adjusted according to carp species breeding water quality The method proceeds.
2 grass carp body length in the 5cm ~ 8cm stage, for the feeding stage, appropriate fertilizer, water level can be controlled in the 1.2 meters to 1.5 meters, the amount of feeding is not large, keep the pool water has a certain degree of fat, water injection can not be too busy, Usually 10 days water injection 1 time.
3 Grass carp seeds have a length of 8cm to 10cm, which is the post-food conversion stage. During this period, water can not be fed. In addition to palatable green fodder and condiment, it is generally injected once every 7 days. The pool water level should reach 1.5 meters to 1.6 meters.
4 The length of grass carp is as long as 11cm~13cm. At this time, it has entered the autumn, the water temperature gradually decreases, the density of fish is large, and the water quality is easily deteriorated due to fat. Therefore, it is necessary to frequently inject water to improve the water quality. Generally, every 5 days to 7 days, one injection of water is performed, 0.2 m to 0.25 m each time.
5 In the middle and late stages of grass fingerling cultivation, the amount of feed is large. To ensure good water quality, the PH value of pool water should be tested regularly and adjusted. The photosynthetic bacteria were applied once every 7 days to 10 days, and the dosage was 2 ml/m3.
5. Feeding the full price of feed with nutrient mix, feeding amount, feeding technology is an important production link for large-scale grass fingerlings cultivation.
(1) Nutritional requirements of grass carp on feed The requirements for nutrients are different in different stages of growth of grass carp. Nutritional parameters of formulated feeds for fingerlings: crude protein ≥ 30.0%, crude fat ≥ 5.0%, crude fiber ≤ 8.0%, crude ash ≤ 13.0%, lysine ≥ 1.5%, methionine ≥ 0.6%, digestible energy ≥ 2500 kcal /Kg.
1 protein should pay attention to the balance of amino acids in feed protein, lysine, arginine, phenylalanine is a limiting amino acid. The source of feed protein is animal protein source and vegetable protein source, and the ratio of animal and plant proteins is preferably 1:1.5.
2 The demand for protein in energy fish differs according to the amount of digestible energy in the feed, improving the digestible energy of the feed and saving the consumption of protein as energy. The herbivorous nature of grass carp determines the low utilization of fat by grass carp, and the addition of fat in feed should not exceed 7%. Therefore, grass carp should use starch as the main energy source, rice, corn, wheat bran, etc. can be used as energy feed for grass carp.
3 Vitamins Because some vitamins have poor stability in water and are easily lost during processing, the added amount is generally higher than the theoretical requirement.
4 The mineral requirement for minerals of grass carp juveniles (mg/100g fish body/day): calcium 32.6~36.7, phosphorus 22.1~24.8, magnesium 1.8~2.0, zinc 0.44~0.50, copper 0.02~0.03, cobalt 0.04~0.05 , Iron 4.1~4.6, Iodine 0.005~0.006, Manganese 0.04~0.05.
Non-nutritional additives such as adhesives, attractants, and enzyme preparations may be properly added to the grass-raised species compound feed. The palatability and safety of the feed should be taken into account, and the feed utilization rate should be increased to maintain the best growth performance of the fish.
(2) Nutritional matching of fingerlings at different stages of development According to the different requirements of protein requirements of grass carp at different stages of growth and development, the following principles should be mastered: Before 5 cm in body length, the protein content in feed should reach 40% to 45%; At 6 cm to 7 cm, the protein in the feed can be reduced to 35% to 30%; after 10 cm in length, the feed protein can be reduced to 28% to 25%. The above is the protein content of the best growth rate of grass carp. If the production cost and the best economic benefit are concerned, the protein content of feed can be appropriately reduced. Feed should be added in appropriate amounts of mineral salts (inorganic salts), vitamins and other additives.
(3) Feeding technique and feeding amount 1 feeding method According to the specifications of fish species, different particle size mixed feeds are used to feed young and forage grass as far as possible. After the grass carp Wuzai Down Pond, you can feed the fish, and the fish body can be fed 5ml duckweed up to 5cm. After reaching 8cm, you can feed the purple duckweed. The tender grasses and chopped young terrestrial dry grasses were used in the following ways: 3cm to 5cm body length fish species were fed 20 to 40 kilograms per 10,000 fishes per day, 5 to 8 cm fish species fed duckweed On a daily basis, feed 75 kg to 100 kg per 10,000, more than 8 cm, and feed on purple duckweed, tender grass, and chopped young land grass.
Feeding method. In the early stage of fish breeding, the feed is evenly distributed throughout the pool, and the principles of “four orders†and “three visits†are mastered later to form a conditional reflex.
2 Feeding times Wuzai down pond to body length 5cm stage, fed compound feed 6 times a day, then can be reduced to 4 times a day, green feed 2 times a day, the principle is the slightest degree of surplus on the second morning.
3 Feeding amount Wucai Down Pond to a body length of 5cm. With fertilizer and water as the main source, Yu Ping was fed and the daily feed rate of compound feed was 20% to 15%.
Body length 5cm ~ 8cm, is the feeding stage of grass carp. In addition to feeding yipeng and duckweed, and feeding compound feeds with corresponding particle sizes, the daily feed rate is 10% to 15%.
Body length 8cm ~ 12cm, is the post-food conversion stage, feeding should be the same material and fine material, feeding daily rate of compound feed 7% to 10%.
Specifications are 12cm to 14cm in body length, and are mainly fed with compound feeds with a particle size of 2.5mm. Water and dry grasses are fed in between. The daily feeding rate of formulated feed is 3% to 6%.
When determining the amount of feed, the survival rate of grass carp seed should be accurately estimated.
6. The prevention and control of grass carp disease caused by fish disease is the key to the success of grass carp species. In addition to regulating water quality, the following measures should be taken.
(1) The feed must be fresh and must not be fed with mildew, spoilage, or corrupt feed.
(2) Remove debris, waste, and dead fish from the pond in time.
(3) Multi-feed Vc-rich tender young grass, with Vc content in formulated feed not less than 600mg/kg.
(4) Green fodder is placed in the feed box. The bait station is often sterilized with bleaching powder and other drugs. The feed table and frame can be sterilized on a regular basis.
(5) fish disease prone season, every 20 days or so feeding the drug bait 3 days to 5 days (treatment 5 days to 7 days), pool water with 1 g / m 3 bleach per month or 0.2 g / m 3 2 Disinfection of chlorine oxide once.
(6) Adhere to the principle of combining ecological prevention with drug prevention, prevention as the main, treatment as the supplement, and prevention as the emphasis. Pay attention to the use of beneficial biological agents to improve the quality of pool water and pond environment.
2. Prepare clear ponds before planting. Clear water should be clear pond, mu using lime 150 kg or bleaching powder 4 kg to 5 kg, adjust the pool PH value, kill pathogenic organisms.
Shi Ji Fei. According to the condition of the pond bottom, with fermented and decomposed organic fertilizers, one full base fertilizer can be applied. The chicken manure can be used between 200 kg and 300 kg or between 400 kg and 500 kg for pig manure and 750 kg and 1,000 kg for horse manure. , A small amount piled up in the shallow water of the pond.
3. The stocking pattern of 250,000 to 37,000 tails of grass fry, 2500 to 3000 tails of carp seedlings, 1000 to 1,500 tails of carp seedlings, and 1000 to 1,500 tails of carp seedlings. Stocking species and specifications are 2.5cm~3cm Wuzi or Xiahua. When the size of the pond is large, the stocking amount can be reduced appropriately.
4. Pool water depth, transparency, and water quality When the fish fry enter the pond, the pool water depth is about 0.7 to 0.8 meters. When the pond is cultivated for 7 days to 15 days, the pool water depth increases to 1 meter. In the 20 days to 30 days of incubation, the depth of pool water increased to 1.2 meters. In the 40 days to 45 days of incubation, the depth of the pool water increased to 1.5 meters. At 2 months of incubation, the water depth increased to 1.8 meters. Into the autumn and winter pool water depth control in the 1.8 meters to 2 meters.
When the seedlings are released, the transparency of the pool water is less than 30 cm, and fertilizer is appropriately applied afterwards to control the pool water. In the summer, the transparency of pool water is controlled at about 25 cm to 30 cm, and it stays at about 35 cm in the fall.
(1) Water quality regulation 1 Grass carp black catfish or summer flower into the pond, for the pre-feeding transformation, feeding on zooplankton-based natural food, the water quality must be fat, transparency is controlled within 30 cm, can be adjusted according to carp species breeding water quality The method proceeds.
2 grass carp body length in the 5cm ~ 8cm stage, for the feeding stage, appropriate fertilizer, water level can be controlled in the 1.2 meters to 1.5 meters, the amount of feeding is not large, keep the pool water has a certain degree of fat, water injection can not be too busy, Usually 10 days water injection 1 time.
3 Grass carp seeds have a length of 8cm to 10cm, which is the post-food conversion stage. During this period, water can not be fed. In addition to palatable green fodder and condiment, it is generally injected once every 7 days. The pool water level should reach 1.5 meters to 1.6 meters.
4 The length of grass carp is as long as 11cm~13cm. At this time, it has entered the autumn, the water temperature gradually decreases, the density of fish is large, and the water quality is easily deteriorated due to fat. Therefore, it is necessary to frequently inject water to improve the water quality. Generally, every 5 days to 7 days, one injection of water is performed, 0.2 m to 0.25 m each time.
5 In the middle and late stages of grass fingerling cultivation, the amount of feed is large. To ensure good water quality, the PH value of pool water should be tested regularly and adjusted. The photosynthetic bacteria were applied once every 7 days to 10 days, and the dosage was 2 ml/m3.
5. Feeding the full price of feed with nutrient mix, feeding amount, feeding technology is an important production link for large-scale grass fingerlings cultivation.
(1) Nutritional requirements of grass carp on feed The requirements for nutrients are different in different stages of growth of grass carp. Nutritional parameters of formulated feeds for fingerlings: crude protein ≥ 30.0%, crude fat ≥ 5.0%, crude fiber ≤ 8.0%, crude ash ≤ 13.0%, lysine ≥ 1.5%, methionine ≥ 0.6%, digestible energy ≥ 2500 kcal /Kg.
1 protein should pay attention to the balance of amino acids in feed protein, lysine, arginine, phenylalanine is a limiting amino acid. The source of feed protein is animal protein source and vegetable protein source, and the ratio of animal and plant proteins is preferably 1:1.5.
2 The demand for protein in energy fish differs according to the amount of digestible energy in the feed, improving the digestible energy of the feed and saving the consumption of protein as energy. The herbivorous nature of grass carp determines the low utilization of fat by grass carp, and the addition of fat in feed should not exceed 7%. Therefore, grass carp should use starch as the main energy source, rice, corn, wheat bran, etc. can be used as energy feed for grass carp.
3 Vitamins Because some vitamins have poor stability in water and are easily lost during processing, the added amount is generally higher than the theoretical requirement.
4 The mineral requirement for minerals of grass carp juveniles (mg/100g fish body/day): calcium 32.6~36.7, phosphorus 22.1~24.8, magnesium 1.8~2.0, zinc 0.44~0.50, copper 0.02~0.03, cobalt 0.04~0.05 , Iron 4.1~4.6, Iodine 0.005~0.006, Manganese 0.04~0.05.
Non-nutritional additives such as adhesives, attractants, and enzyme preparations may be properly added to the grass-raised species compound feed. The palatability and safety of the feed should be taken into account, and the feed utilization rate should be increased to maintain the best growth performance of the fish.
(2) Nutritional matching of fingerlings at different stages of development According to the different requirements of protein requirements of grass carp at different stages of growth and development, the following principles should be mastered: Before 5 cm in body length, the protein content in feed should reach 40% to 45%; At 6 cm to 7 cm, the protein in the feed can be reduced to 35% to 30%; after 10 cm in length, the feed protein can be reduced to 28% to 25%. The above is the protein content of the best growth rate of grass carp. If the production cost and the best economic benefit are concerned, the protein content of feed can be appropriately reduced. Feed should be added in appropriate amounts of mineral salts (inorganic salts), vitamins and other additives.
(3) Feeding technique and feeding amount 1 feeding method According to the specifications of fish species, different particle size mixed feeds are used to feed young and forage grass as far as possible. After the grass carp Wuzai Down Pond, you can feed the fish, and the fish body can be fed 5ml duckweed up to 5cm. After reaching 8cm, you can feed the purple duckweed. The tender grasses and chopped young terrestrial dry grasses were used in the following ways: 3cm to 5cm body length fish species were fed 20 to 40 kilograms per 10,000 fishes per day, 5 to 8 cm fish species fed duckweed On a daily basis, feed 75 kg to 100 kg per 10,000, more than 8 cm, and feed on purple duckweed, tender grass, and chopped young land grass.
Feeding method. In the early stage of fish breeding, the feed is evenly distributed throughout the pool, and the principles of “four orders†and “three visits†are mastered later to form a conditional reflex.
2 Feeding times Wuzai down pond to body length 5cm stage, fed compound feed 6 times a day, then can be reduced to 4 times a day, green feed 2 times a day, the principle is the slightest degree of surplus on the second morning.
3 Feeding amount Wucai Down Pond to a body length of 5cm. With fertilizer and water as the main source, Yu Ping was fed and the daily feed rate of compound feed was 20% to 15%.
Body length 5cm ~ 8cm, is the feeding stage of grass carp. In addition to feeding yipeng and duckweed, and feeding compound feeds with corresponding particle sizes, the daily feed rate is 10% to 15%.
Body length 8cm ~ 12cm, is the post-food conversion stage, feeding should be the same material and fine material, feeding daily rate of compound feed 7% to 10%.
Specifications are 12cm to 14cm in body length, and are mainly fed with compound feeds with a particle size of 2.5mm. Water and dry grasses are fed in between. The daily feeding rate of formulated feed is 3% to 6%.
When determining the amount of feed, the survival rate of grass carp seed should be accurately estimated.
6. The prevention and control of grass carp disease caused by fish disease is the key to the success of grass carp species. In addition to regulating water quality, the following measures should be taken.
(1) The feed must be fresh and must not be fed with mildew, spoilage, or corrupt feed.
(2) Remove debris, waste, and dead fish from the pond in time.
(3) Multi-feed Vc-rich tender young grass, with Vc content in formulated feed not less than 600mg/kg.
(4) Green fodder is placed in the feed box. The bait station is often sterilized with bleaching powder and other drugs. The feed table and frame can be sterilized on a regular basis.
(5) fish disease prone season, every 20 days or so feeding the drug bait 3 days to 5 days (treatment 5 days to 7 days), pool water with 1 g / m 3 bleach per month or 0.2 g / m 3 2 Disinfection of chlorine oxide once.
(6) Adhere to the principle of combining ecological prevention with drug prevention, prevention as the main, treatment as the supplement, and prevention as the emphasis. Pay attention to the use of beneficial biological agents to improve the quality of pool water and pond environment.
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