As the saying goes: "People eat food for the sky." The development of human civilization is accompanied by the development of food civilization. The development of packaging is no exception. People's continuous improvement of food packaging requirements is the main driving force for the continuous development of the packaging industry.
Since the food, there is packaging. But in the true sense of food packaging, it should start with the storage of food cans.
The food canning industry originated in the early 19th century. In 1804, Nicolas Appert studied the successful preservation of food in glass bottles, resulting in the use of corked glass bottles as food packaging containers. Since then, the industrial production of glass cans has begun. Thus, after long-term continuous improvement and development, a variety of food glass jars with various appearances and sealing forms in the food industry have been formed.
In 1810, Peter Durand of the United Kingdom used tinplate to make food packaging containers, so-called tinplate cans. At that time, it was hand-made only with tools such as scissors and ferrochrome. The daily capacity of each person was 60-70. In 1847, the United States used a punching machine for punching the bottom of the can, and in 1849 it was officially made into a punching machine, laying the foundation for the manufacture of three-piece cans. In 1859, Europe began to use a can sealing machine that automatically closed the bottom cover of the can on the can. Thus, the sealing method of the tinplate can be changed from in-line (or externally embedded) to soldered, and the rubber ring is used instead of the sealing. In 1896, the United States first used liquid rubber instead of a thick rubber ring. In 1897, it was made into a liquid-coating machine. It also improved the sealing curl and used double crimping. Thanks to continuous improvement, the automatic can making machine has developed smoothly. In 1910, the canning capacity per minute has reached 120. The automatic can making machine made in 1930 can produce 300 pieces per minute, and the modern automated line can be used every minute. Up to 1000 or more.
In 1975, Switzerland made an electric welding can making machine with a can seam width of 0.8 mm. In 1978, it was made into a resistance welding can machine with a can seam width of 0.4 mm. As a result, the seam condition of the three-piece can body is improved, the manufacturing process of the three-piece can is updated, and the production of the three-piece can is greatly improved in both quality and output, and the joint solder is completely eradicated from the process. The problem of lead contamination in cans. In the production of cans, a new three-piece can with nylon joints on the seam of the can body has also appeared.
The punching process for making two-piece cans was formed in 1847, and later developed from a shallow-flush tank to a deep-drawn can using a multi-stage drawing method. As for the deep-drawing technology, the United States first introduced the impact extrusion method in 1964, and in 1968, the deep drawing and the can wall thinning method were introduced, so that the food packaging container was newly developed. Since 1963, easy opening and opening of various aluminum alloys has also been developed accordingly.
The can material followed by hot dip tinplate (HTP) showed an electroplated tin plate (ETP). In 1934, Germany built a tinplate production line. In 1937, the United States produced the first tinplate with a tin plating capacity of 5.59g/m2. Based on the superiority of electroplated tin plates, hot dip tinplates have been replaced. In 1930, Norway began to manufacture packaging containers using aluminum alloy sheets. In the early 1960s, a tinned steel sheet, a chrome plate (TES), was used to reduce the amount of tin used to make packaging containers. Packaging containers such as stainless steel sheets have also been tried.
In addition, various plastic and paper composite materials are put into can production, and the food packaging containers are expanded from rigid cans to soft cans. The variety of packaging containers is more novel, diverse and practical. The retort pouch used in soft canned food, which was first introduced to the market in Japan in 1968, is a soft food packaging container made of a composite film made of a plastic film and an aluminum foil.
In order to improve the use value of food packaging containers and enhance its storage effect on various foods, inner wall coatings have been widely used in metal packaging containers. The can coating began in 1903, when an oleoresin coating was used to prevent the fading of red fruits, and later, it was developed into can coatings to meet various canning needs. In addition, color printing coatings outside the tank have also been developed.
In fact, as early as 3,000 years ago, the ancient Chinese working people used ceramics as a container to seal food. This is well documented in the books "Qi Min Yao Shu" and "Da Gong Shi Ji Ji". However, the development of food packaging technology in China is very slow, and it has not contributed much to the development of modern food packaging technology. Only after the establishment of the new China, especially after the reform and opening up, the packaging industry has begun to make rapid progress, and it has basically been close to the world level.
Looking at China's industrial development history, the reason why it is developing too slowly is mainly caused by the long-term slavery society and feudal society in China, which does not pay attention to the development of science and technology. Nowadays, China's packaging industry has become a major industry infiltration in various fields, and its future is immeasurable.
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