The scientific name shield of Yeh yam is a yam. The saponins extracted from it are widely used in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries. The international market demand is 8,000 tons, and the annual production can only meet 5000-6000 tons. The saponin factory of Xianju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. has been established. After the project is completed and put into production, 8-10 million mu of turmeric planting area will be needed to meet the production needs. Huang Jiang was originally wild and had been planted artificially since the 1970s. The current cultivation techniques are relatively complete. The cultivar we grow now is the tissue culture test tube seedlings cultivated by the Zhejiang Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, which is stable in species. In recent years, the cultivated turmeric saponin content has met the commodity requirements; the yield is high, and the average yield per mu is 1000-1250 kg. The net income is 2000. Around yuan, the highest per mu can reach 2000 kilograms. Therefore, the development of yellow ginger planting is a promising industry.
First, the biological characteristics of yellow ginger grow for a long period of time, sowing flexibility. Turmeric is a perennial vine. We use the species of the year and collect the current year. The best sowing date is generally from February to March. Seeding after April will have an impact on the output. The seedlings emerged in mid-April and bloomed in the middle and late May. The tubers began to swell in early June. In August and September, they were rapid expansion. In the late November, the leaves of the leaves of the vine were orange and wilted, and they were harvested in December.
(1) The growth of the above ground is very strong, the vines are generally 80 leaves, and the length of the vines is 330 cm. The maximum number of leaves is 132 and the length of the vines is 520 cm. Therefore, it must be planted and cultivated. If it does not stand, the output is only 500-600 kg/mu.
(2) The roots are well-developed. The longest root is 35 centimeters long. It has strong ability to resist drought, that is, it is not afraid of drought.
(3), afraid of water stains, underground ginger tuber contains a lot of starch, so very afraid of water stains, if waterlogged for a long time can easily cause large deaths. In addition, the growth of yellow ginger also requires loose soil.
Second, yellow ginger cultivation techniques
(1) In the selected areas, soils with loose soil, high dryness, and well-drained paddy fields and dry lands should be selected. Yellow-glutinous mud fields, steep slopes with large slopes, cold mountains and cold sun, easy flooding of shoals and low-lying land with poor drainage are not suitable for planting.
(2) Land preparation requires deep plowing, fine soil, and soil preparation. Deep root weeds have to be plucked. If there are many plots of grass, the grass will be used to kill old grass 7 days before plowing. The paddy field should be cultivated in the field, with a width of 1.8-3.0 meters, planted horizontally, and a ditch should be opened every 2 rows. At the same time, the waist ditch, straight ditch and transverse ditch should be opened to ensure smooth drainage. The dry land can be planted, and the ditch can be drained without water.
(3) Selection A: Choose bright and fresh color stems, more than 2 buds, 10-25g weight, 10g or less of seed stems, weak vigor, late seedlings, low survival rate, low yield, high yield cultivation should not be selected. Remove old ginger rotten species. The difference between ginger and new ginger: dark ginger color, no root hair or very little, no head. B: 100-150 kg per acre.
(4), sowing A: sowing date 2-3 months, the latest by April 20th. Select sunny days and sow when soil moisture is appropriate. B: Basal fertilizer, 50-75 kg of calcium, magnesium, phosphate fertilizer per acre is applied to the sowing ditch, and then the seed is planted. C: Planting density, spacing 40-50 cm, plant spacing 16-18 cm, 8000-10000 acres sowing. The ditch is 10 cm deep, and after sowing, the ditch is covered with earth and the depth of the earth is 5-10 cm.
(5) Field management A: Weeding and weed control are the main contents of yellow ginger after sowing, and it is also the key to the success or failure of field management. The first is to use 10% glyphosate 1.5 kg plus 50% butachlor 200 ml plus 50 kg water per mu before emergence. After the emergence of turmeric, weeds with two leaves at the same time when the mu with 10.8% efficient cover grass can 40ml plus 50% butachlor 200ml plus 50 kg of water spray, and then manually remove a small amount of unkilled weeds in 20 days, later combined with cultivator earth , According to the growth of weeds with this formula method to prevent and control. After September, no control can be taken. B: Cover, immediately cover with glyphosate control, cover bar, fern, grass, straw, etc. Column fertilizer is generally 1000-2000 kg, thatch, straw 750 kg. Covering can reduce weed damage, loosen the soil, and provide nutrients. According to the test, 1500 kg of cover bar fertilizer can increase production by 32.9%. C: When the height of the seedling is 20 cm, use a small bamboo rod or a small piece of wood to carry out the cutting. 150-180 centimeters long, every 3-4 ginger seedlings to insert one, and then bundled into a bundle of every 4 to 30 centimeters in the top to prevent lodging. After the trip, the vines should be placed on the shelves to prevent rattan strings and affect the lighting and field operations. D: Fertilization is divided into 4 applications. In early May, 10 kg of urea per acre is applied after rain, and in mid-June, 45% of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is applied at 20 kg per mu; in late July, 45% of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is used per acre. Kashi, from the end of August to the beginning of September, use 45% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 20 kilograms. One can prevent premature aging, and the second can promote the formation of a second tuber peak in October. E: After the first fertilization in the first half of May in the Qinggou Ditch, the first clearing of the earth was performed. Afterwards, it is necessary to do a good job of cleaning the gutter in time. F: Pest control, turmeric mainly has two diseases and one disease. Small ground tigers are generally harmed in April-May. They bite off the base of yellow ginger vines, and when they are severe, they form a large number of vines. At the beginning of April, we must pay close attention to the discovery that the damage to 4 mu of firewood per mu should be applied to the foot of the plant to effectively control the tiger. In August-September, there are moth-eaten nights, and eating vine leaves generally does not affect the yield. In severe cases, medication should be used for prevention and treatment at the low order. Stem rot is the main disease of turmeric. The severity of the disease is closely related to soil moisture. Therefore, the key to prevention and control of the disease is to start from the place of choice and drainage. The chemical control is 500 times that of 50% carbendazim in the initial stage of mu. Irrigation of the roots, then medication once every seven days, three times in a row.
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