In recent years, the production of various winter crops has been in full swing, with pepper being one of the most widely cultivated varieties. Effective pest control and proper management are crucial for ensuring high yield and quality. Below are the key points to consider during the cultivation and management of peppers:
First, seed disinfection plays a vital role in preventing diseases and promoting healthy growth. A common method involves soaking seeds in a solution containing 0.01% Tianfengsu EC (5 ml) mixed with 70% Red Day wettable powder (20 g) in 10 kg of water. The mixture should be stirred well and left to soak for 12 hours before sowing. This process not only increases germination rates but also strengthens seedlings and promotes root development. It also helps prevent seedling diseases by eliminating pathogens.
Second, field management is essential throughout the growing season. During the seedling stage, it's important to maintain proper moisture, temperature, and nutrient levels. Applying foliar sprays such as 0.01% Diphosporin (5 ml) mixed with potassium dihydrogen phosphate (1-2 g) in 1 kg of water can enhance photosynthesis, encourage deep root growth, and improve overall plant health and disease resistance.
During the flowering and fruiting stages, regular watering, fertilizing, pruning, and leaf picking are necessary. A foliar spray of 0.01% Tianfengsu EC (5 ml) combined with 15 kg of urea and 30 g of water can be applied every 10 days starting from the flowering stage. This helps accelerate plant growth, promote continuous fruiting, increase fruit set, reduce flower and fruit drop, and extend the harvesting period. It also improves fruit quality and reduces the occurrence of abnormal fruits.
Third, pest control is critical for managing various diseases and pests. For instance, pepper damping-off disease affects both seedlings and mature plants, causing stem rot at the base and wilting leaves. Control measures include spraying 600 times diluted Tian Liang WP or 50% working suspension agent. It's also recommended to limit nitrogen fertilizer use and add more phosphorus and potassium. Additionally, spraying 2,500 times diluted 0.01% Tianfengsu EC can further boost plant resistance.
Pepper anthracnose mainly affects mature fruits, showing yellow-brown spots with gray centers and brown edges. To manage this, a three-year crop rotation system is advised, along with seed disinfection and improved field management to avoid high humidity and temperatures. Chemical control can involve spraying 70% Red Day wettable powder diluted 1,000 times.
Pepper leaf blight occurs in both seedling and adult stages, causing brown spots on leaves that expand into irregular lesions. Spraying 50% work suspension agent at 500 times dilution, or 70% Red Day wettable powder at 1,000 times, or 64% Tianliang wettable powder at 600 times can help control the disease.
Spider mites cause crinkled, yellowing, and falling leaves. Control methods include using 20% chlorfenone diluted 1,500 times or 24% Wan Ling agent at 1,000 times.
For cotton bollworms, effective options include spraying 4.5% Green Fortune EC at 1,500 times, 24% Wan Ling Agent at 75–100 ml per 15 kg, or 20% chlorbenzule at 1,500 times.
By following these practices, farmers can significantly improve the health and productivity of their pepper crops while reducing losses due to pests and diseases.
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