Winter pepper must prevent pests in time

Nowadays, the cultivation of various winter crops is in full swing, with pepper being one of the most widely grown. Effective pest and disease management is crucial for ensuring high yields and quality. Here are the key practices for managing pepper crops: First, seed disinfection plays a vital role in preventing diseases from an early stage. A common method involves soaking seeds in a solution containing 0.01% Tianfengsu EC (5 ml) mixed with 70% Red Day wettable powder (20 g) in 10 liters of water. After stirring thoroughly, the seeds are soaked for 12 hours, then dried and sown. This process not only enhances germination rates—typically reaching around 70%—but also promotes strong seedling growth and protects against seedling diseases. Second, field management is essential throughout the growing season. During the seedling stage, it's important to maintain proper moisture and temperature while applying foliar fertilizers. A mixture of 0.01% Diphosporin (5 ml) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (1-2 g) diluted in 1 kg of water can be sprayed to boost photosynthesis, encourage deep root development, and strengthen plant resilience. During the flowering and fruiting period, regular watering, fertilization, pruning, and leaf removal are necessary. Spraying a solution of 0.01% Tianfengsu EC (5 ml) mixed with 15 kg of urea and 30 g of water every 10 days can promote continuous flowering, increase fruit set, reduce flower and fruit drop, and extend the harvest period. It also helps improve fruit quality and minimize abnormal fruit development. Third, effective pest control is critical. Common diseases include damping-off, anthracnose, leaf blight, spider mites, and cotton bollworms. Damping-off affects both seedlings and mature plants, causing stem rot at the base and leaf wilting. To manage this, apply 600 times dilution of Tian Liang WP or 50% Tian Liang suspension agent. Additionally, spraying 0.01% Tianfengsu EC at 2,500 times dilution can enhance resistance. Pepper anthracnose primarily affects mature fruits, causing yellow-brown spots with gray centers and dark edges. The best approach includes crop rotation, seed disinfection, and maintaining good field hygiene. Spraying 70% Red Day wettable powder at 1,000 times dilution is an effective chemical control method. Pepper leaf blight appears as brown spots on leaves that expand into irregular lesions. Applying 50% work suspension agent at 500 times, 70% Red Day wettable powder at 1,000 times, or 64% Tianliang wettable powder at 600 times can help manage the disease. Spider mites cause curled, yellowed, and falling leaves. Spraying 20% chlorfenone at 1,500 times or 24% Wan Ling agent at 1,000 times is recommended. For cotton bollworms, use 4.5% Green Fortune EC at 1,500 times, 24% Wan Ling Agent at 75–100 ml per 15 kg, or 20% chlorbenzule at 1,500 times. By following these integrated management strategies, farmers can significantly improve pepper yield and quality while minimizing losses due to pests and diseases.

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