Key Techniques for Early High-yield Cultivation of Guosang

Traditional fruit mulberry cultivation typically takes three years to establish a productive orchard, which involves a long growth cycle and high initial costs. This makes it unsuitable for the development of modern fruit mulberry industries. In practical farming, we developed a new method called the "three-times topping technique," which successfully achieved early fruiting and high yields. With this approach, fruit mulberry trees can be harvested within two years, producing 500–800 kg per year. Early fruiting and high-yield fruit mulberry plantations usually involve planting 333–555 saplings per 667 square meters (1 acre), with a spacing of 0.8–1 meter between plants and 1.5–2 meters between rows. Varieties such as 8632, Hongguo No. 1, and No. 2 are commonly used. The three-times topping method helps suppress apical dominance, encouraging the growth of axillary buds, increasing lateral branches, and expanding the canopy area. This promotes flower bud differentiation and ensures sufficient fruiting mother branches are formed in the first year, laying the foundation for early and high yield. The first topping is done between May 20–30. When the new shoots reach 15–20 cm in length, the plants are observed on-site and topped in 3–4 batches. Typically, 2–3 cm of the shoot tips are removed. Faster-growing shoots are picked first, while slower ones are left for later. After the first topping, each plant can produce 6–10 new shoots. The second topping occurs between June 20–30. At this stage, the shoots are about 35–50 cm tall. The amount of topping depends on the growth strength: 3–5 cm is removed from strong shoots, and 6–10 cm from weaker ones. After topping, the shoot height is reduced to 30–45 cm. Following this, the number of shoots increases to 9–15 per plant. The third topping is carried out between July 20–30. Strong-growing shoots are topped in 3–4 batches, while weaker ones are not touched to ensure balanced growth. After the three topping sessions, each sapling can develop 15–18 main branches, sometimes more than 20. After two months of growth, by mid-to-late October, when fruit production slows down, there are approximately 5,000–6,000 root systems per 667 square meters, with a total root length close to 10,000 meters. The canopy covers about 60% of the orchard area, providing a solid base for a bountiful harvest in the following year. In the early stages of rapid fruiting, proper fertilization and irrigation are essential. After each topping, timely fertilization should be applied, typically 5–10 kg of urea per area. If natural rainfall follows, the results are excellent. In case of delayed rain or prolonged drought, water should be applied in the evening after fertilizing. Pest and disease control should also be part of regular management practices.

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