First, selecting high-quality broodstock is essential. Choose healthy, mature fish for breeding. Female carp should be over 3 years old and weigh between 3 to 5 kg, while males should be at least 2 years old with a weight of 1.5 to 2 kg. During the non-breeding season, females and males should be kept separately in ponds to prevent early spawning. It's recommended to keep about 50 females per acre and 100 males. Feed them regularly, at fixed points and in measured amounts—such as peanut bran, soybeans, or corn—approximately 2-3% of their body weight daily. You can also supplement with fermented animal manure to improve nutrition. Regularly add fresh water to maintain good water quality, reduce disease risk, and support gonad development.
Next, prepare for carp breeding. In spring, when water temperatures rise above 18°C, it’s ideal for spawning. Before pairing, set up spawning and hatching ponds based on the number of broodstock. The spawning pond should be located on a sunny, sheltered side. Both ponds must be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected to eliminate predators and wild fish. Remove weeds around the edges and avoid using base fertilizers to keep the water clean. After preparing the ponds, use nets to isolate the broodstock. Be sure to check the weather forecast—if cold air is expected soon, avoid moving the fish. Select females with soft, swollen bellies and release them into the spawning pond with males in a 1:5 ratio. Create spawning nests near the pond inlet using bamboo rafts and place sterilized water hyacinth in the center. Add fresh water daily to stimulate spawning. After spawning, disinfect the hyacinth to prevent fungal infections and transfer the eggs to the hatching pond to simplify handling. Each acre can produce approximately 300,000 eggs.
Finally, hatch the eggs and cultivate fry. Once the eggs are placed in the hatching pond, cover them with straw or plastic if rain or cold weather is expected, or increase the water level. Fry typically hatch within 7 days, depending on temperature. Once they can swim, remove the spawning nests but ensure the water hyacinth is cleaned to avoid entanglement. For the first few days after hatching, feed the fry with soymilk or fermented peanut bran, about 2 kg per acre. As they grow, gradually introduce chicken or pig manure. To improve their swimming ability, drag branches through the pond 1–2 times daily. Check the fry every morning for floating heads. If any are observed, add fresh water or reduce density by dividing the pond. A typical stocking rate is 10–20 million fry per acre. Every week, gradually increase the water depth to 10 cm. As the fry grow, they can be sold in stages.
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