Under the foundation of using basic fertilizers, applying additional nutrients at the right time is a proven method to boost crop yields, especially when top-dressing during peak nutrient demand. This practice not only enhances yield but also improves overall crop quality.
For **maize**, the critical growth phase for nutrient uptake occurs after the jointing stage and continues until the large boot stage. To support this, the first top-dressing should be applied just before or after jointing, with 10 kg of urea per acre. Then, 7–10 days before tasseling, apply a second round of 20 kg of urea per acre. If the base fertilizer and seed fertilizer are already sufficient, you can combine the second application with weeding for deeper soil fertilization.
In **rice**, nitrogen absorption increases gradually after the green-up stage and peaks during the tillering phase. To promote early growth, it's important to apply fertilizer early—typically 7–10 days after transplanting—with 10 kg of urea per mu. A second application should follow after heading, using 15–20 kg of urea per mu.
For **sorghum**, the nutrient demand rises from the jointing to heading stages. The first top-dressing should be done at the jointing stage, with 8–12 kg of urea per acre. A second dose of 10 kg of urea can be applied later to ensure optimal growth.
**Peanuts** have their most critical nutrient period in the pre-harvest phase. About 15 days after emergence, flower buds begin to form, and nodules start developing. When the plant has two pairs of lateral branches, it’s time to apply 5–10 kg of urea per acre. After flowering, combining fertilization with soil cultivation and spraying a multi-element micro-fertilizer can help reduce empty pods and increase yield.
**Soybeans** require more nitrogen, but they benefit from Rhizobia bacteria that fix atmospheric nitrogen. Still, top-dressing is necessary during the growing season. Applying 8–12 kg of urea per mu at the initial flowering stage helps reduce flower and pod drop, extends plant life, and increases grain weight. Additionally, foliar applications of multiple nutrients during the podding stage can significantly boost yield.
By carefully timing and adjusting fertilizer applications based on each crop’s needs, farmers can maximize productivity while maintaining soil health and sustainability.
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