Under the foundation of applying base fertilizers, proper top-dressing is a highly effective method to further boost crop yields, especially when supplying the most essential nutrients during critical growth stages. This practice not only enhances productivity but also improves the overall quality of the produce.
For maize, the period from jointing to the boot stage is the peak time for nutrient uptake. Based on balanced fertilization principles, the first top-dressing should be applied just before or after jointing, with 10 kg of urea per acre. A second application should take place 7–10 days before tasseling, using 20 kg of urea per acre. If the base and seed fertilizers are already sufficient, combining the second top-dressing with weeding and deep soil fertilization can be beneficial.
In rice cultivation, nitrogen absorption increases gradually after the green-up phase, reaching its peak during the tillering stage. To encourage early growth and development, it’s recommended to apply the first fertilizer 7–10 days after transplanting, using 10 kg of urea per mu. A second round of top-dressing should occur after heading, with 15–20 kg of urea per mu.
For sorghum, the nutrient demand rises significantly from the jointing to heading stages. The first top-dressing should be applied at the jointing stage, using 8–12 kg of urea per acre. A second dose of 10 kg of urea is typically recommended later in the growth cycle.
Peanuts have their critical nutrient requirement during the pre-harvest period. About 15 days after emergence, flower buds begin to form, and nodules start developing. When the plant has two pairs of lateral branches, it's time to apply nitrogen fertilizer—around 5–10 kg of urea per acre. After flowering, combining soil loosening with foliar sprays of multi-element micro-fertilizer can help reduce empty pods and increase yield.
Soybeans are high in nitrogen demand, but they benefit from Rhizobia bacteria that fix atmospheric nitrogen. Still, additional top-dressing is necessary during growth. Applying nitrogen fertilizer at the initial flowering stage helps reduce flower and pod drop, extends plant life, and increases grain weight. Typically, 8–12 kg of urea per mu is sufficient. Foliar applications during the pod-filling stage can lead to even greater yield improvements.
By carefully timing and adjusting fertilizer applications based on crop needs, farmers can optimize both yield and quality while maintaining sustainable agricultural practices.
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