Zinc plays a crucial role in redox reactions within plants, acting as a catalyst that supports various metabolic processes. It is a key component of enzymes involved in cellular respiration and also contributes to chlorophyll synthesis and the production of growth regulators. A deficiency in zinc can significantly impact plant health and productivity.
In rice, zinc deficiency manifests through distinct morphological changes. When zinc is lacking, the main leaf veins show signs of chlorosis, which gradually spreads toward the leaf edges, turning them yellow or white. Over time, the entire leaf may turn brown, and the plant becomes stunted with small tillers and slow root development. In mild cases, brown spots may appear on the base of old leaves and at the tiller nodes. In severe cases, the rice husks become dwarfed and reddish, with overall growth being severely restricted. This deficiency leads to lower yields in lighter soils and even worse results in heavier ones.
The demand for zinc in rice is relatively low compared to other major nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. However, due to the long-term use of chemical fertilizers and soil erosion, zinc deficiency has become increasingly common in many fields. As a result, it's essential to monitor and manage zinc levels carefully.
To prevent zinc deficiency, several measures can be taken. Incorporating green manure and farmyard manure into the soil helps improve its nutrient content. During land leveling, it's important to protect the topsoil, as it contains higher concentrations of zinc than deeper layers. Applying zinc sulfate as a base fertilizer at a rate of about 1 kg per mu is effective. Since zinc doesn't move easily through the soil, it should be applied near or under the seeds rather than on the surface. Mixing zinc fertilizer with acidic fertilizers can enhance its effectiveness, but it should not be combined with phosphate-based fertilizers.
Soaking seeds in a 0.1% to 0.2% zinc sulfate solution for 12 hours, or using a 1% zinc oxide suspension for root soaking, can also help. At the three-leaf stage, before transplanting, and during the first few days after transplanting, spraying the leaves with a 0.1% to 0.2% zinc solution two to three times can effectively alleviate symptoms of zinc deficiency and promote healthier growth.
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