Zinc plays a crucial role in redox reactions within plants, acting as a cofactor for various enzymes that support cellular respiration. It is also essential for chlorophyll synthesis and the production of growth regulators. A deficiency in zinc can lead to significant physiological and morphological issues in rice plants.
Morphologically, zinc-deficient rice exhibits distinct symptoms. The main leaf veins turn yellow, gradually spreading toward the leaf margins, resulting in a yellow-white discoloration. As the condition worsens, the entire leaf turns brown, and the plant becomes stunted with small tillers and slow root development. In mild cases, brown spots may appear on the base of old leaves and the tillers. In severe cases, the rice panicles become dwarfed and reddish, with overall growth being severely restricted. This deficiency ultimately leads to lower yields and poor grain quality.
The occurrence of zinc deficiency is often linked to imbalanced soil management. Rice requires only a small amount of zinc compared to macronutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. However, long-term use of chemical fertilizers without proper nutrient balance, combined with soil erosion and leaching, has led to widespread zinc depletion in many farmlands. Therefore, it is important to monitor and address this issue proactively.
To prevent zinc deficiency, several effective measures can be taken. Incorporating green manure and farmyard manure into the soil helps replenish trace elements. When preparing the field, it's important to protect the topsoil, as it contains higher concentrations of zinc than deeper soil layers. Applying zinc sulfate as a base fertilizer at a rate of approximately 1 kg per mu is recommended. Since zinc does not move easily through the soil, it should be applied near or under the seeds rather than on the surface. Mixing zinc fertilizer with acidic fertilizers can enhance its effectiveness, but it should not be combined with phosphate fertilizers due to potential interactions.
Soaking seeds in a 0.1% to 0.2% zinc sulfate solution for 12 hours, or dipping roots in a 1% zinc oxide suspension, can also improve zinc uptake. During the three-leaf stage, before transplanting, and again five to seven days after transplanting, spraying the leaves with a 0.1% to 0.2% zinc solution two to three times can effectively alleviate zinc deficiency symptoms and promote healthy growth. These practices help ensure that rice plants receive adequate zinc, supporting better yields and overall crop health.
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