In order to help the majority of users better construct, operate, and manage biogas systems, it is essential to follow key safety guidelines for the proper use of rural biogas digesters. Here are the important points to consider:
First, ensure safety during construction:
1. Always wear a safety helmet when working on or near the digester. This protects against falling debris, collapsing structures, or other hazards that may occur during excavation or installation.
2. Construct shallow digesters, ideally no deeper than 2.8 meters. This reduces the risk of entrapment and makes rescue easier if needed. It also allows for easier removal of sediment without deep entry.
3. Keep open flames away from the biogas system. During the initial gas production phase, release any excess gas to avoid pressure buildup. Never use the gas pressure in the tank to blow out air pipes, as this can lead to explosions.
4. Prevent landslides by properly grading the excavation site according to soil conditions. Use support structures like bracing where necessary, and avoid piling earth or bricks near the pit. Ensure proper drainage during rainy seasons.
5. Cover all inlet and outlet openings once the system is in use. This prevents people and animals from falling into the tank. A mesh cover over the feeding port can keep small animals out while still allowing feeding. Monitor the amount of material added to maintain pressure balance.
6. Additional precautions include removing tiles from nearby buildings, reinforcing walls and columns, and avoiding explosives or open flames when digging. Never use firewood or coal to heat the pool walls, as this can cause oxygen depletion or gas poisoning.
Second, prevent poisoning when entering the digester:
1. Ensure good ventilation before entering. Pump out the liquid so that the level rises to the bottom of the pool. Ventilate thoroughly to release any accumulated gas. Test with small animals first, like chickens or rabbits, to check for safety. If they remain healthy after 15–30 minutes, it's safe to proceed. Avoid staying too long inside, and never use open flames or smoke inside the tank.
2. Always have a guard present when working inside the digester. Workers should wear a safety harness so that rescuers can quickly assist in case of an emergency. Never rush to save someone who has been poisoned—first ventilate the area using a blower, then provide fresh air. Seek medical attention immediately for those affected.
Third, implement fire prevention measures:
1. Keep biogas equipment at a safe distance from flammable materials such as wood, oil, or cotton. Avoid placing gas stoves or lights near straw roofs or other combustible areas.
2. Always check that the gas switch is turned off before lighting. Leaving it on could result in a dangerous methane buildup, leading to explosions. Turn off the stove and open windows if a leak is suspected.
3. Teach children not to play near biogas equipment, as leaks can be dangerous.
4. Adjust the flame properly. A red, soft flame indicates insufficient air, while a short or flickering flame suggests too much air. A stable flame means the air intake is balanced.
5. Regularly inspect the system for leaks using soapy water or alkaline lead acetate test paper. A blackened test paper indicates hydrogen sulfide leakage. If a rotten egg smell is detected, there may be a serious leak.
6. In case of burns, stay calm, turn off the gas source, and extinguish fires carefully. For indoor burns, roll or douse with water. Remove burned clothing and cover the wound with clean fabric. Keep the victim warm and seek medical help immediately.
Finally, properly dispose of old or unused digesters. If they are no longer in use, they should be filled or removed to prevent accidents. If repurposed, ensure they are securely covered and maintained to prevent falls or injuries. Safety should always be a top priority when handling biogas systems.
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