In many parts of China this year, the combination of heavy rainfall, high humidity, and soaring temperatures has created a challenging environment for layer chickens. Prolonged heat can cause heat stress and even heatstroke, leading to reduced feed intake, lower egg production, and in severe cases, significant mortality. This situation presents a major challenge for poultry farmers, especially those raising laying hens. To maintain stable and high productivity, it's essential for farmers to implement effective feeding and management strategies.
**Cooling Measures**
1. **Ventilation**: One of the most effective methods is longitudinal ventilation, which is commonly used in closed chicken houses. A powerful exhaust fan is installed at one end, while air intakes are placed at the opposite end, creating a continuous airflow that passes over the flock, helping them stay cool.
2. **Spray Cooling**: When natural ventilation is insufficient, spraying cool well water using a mist system during the hottest hours—typically midday and early afternoon—can help reduce the temperature inside the house. Adding a small amount of disinfectant to the water can also improve hygiene.
3. **Shade Canopies**: Installing shade structures on the sunny side of the house and near the entrance can block direct sunlight, lowering indoor temperatures by 2–3°C. These canopies are usually made from chemical fiber materials that are both durable and breathable.
4. **White Paint for Heat Reduction**: Painting walls and roofs with white paint helps reflect sunlight, reducing heat absorption. This not only cools the house but also provides a hygienic environment for the chickens.
**Optimized Feeding Practices**
1. **Fats and Oils**: As temperatures rise above 25°C, chickens tend to eat less, leading to nutrient deficiencies. Replacing some carbohydrates with fats and oils in their diet can increase energy intake. Adding 1–2% fat and increasing protein levels by 1–2% can support better egg production.
2. **Green and Juicy Feed**: Including fresh vegetables or green feed in the diet improves palatability and provides essential vitamins, boosting feed intake and supporting overall health.
3. **Calcium Supplementation**: Providing soluble calcium sources like limestone or shell powder in the afternoon helps improve eggshell quality and reduces the impact of heat stress.
4. **Adjust Feeding Times**: Offering feed in the early morning and late evening, when temperatures are cooler, encourages higher feed consumption and supports better egg production.
5. **Heat Stress Additives**:
- **Vitamin C**: Adding 100 mg per kg of feed or 0.1% in drinking water enhances immunity and egg output.
- **Herbal Supplements**: Certain Chinese herbs like gypsum and scorpion help reduce internal heat, while others like polygala and sour jujube have calming effects.
- **Bacitracin Zinc**: Improves feed intake and egg production under heat stress.
- **Sodium Bicarbonate**: Helps balance blood pH and increases egg production when added at 0.1–0.2%.
**Enhanced Management Practices**
1. **Fresh and Cool Water**: Ensuring a constant supply of clean, cool water is crucial for maintaining health and productivity. Adding probiotics can also help prevent digestive issues.
2. **Lower Stocking Density**: Reducing the number of birds per square meter during hot weather helps prevent overcrowding and reduces stress.
3. **Regular Disinfection**: Cleaning and disinfecting the coop regularly—especially in summer—helps control disease outbreaks. Spraying with disinfectants not only kills pathogens but also provides a cooling effect.
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