Coldland carp breeding method

In the Ningxia region, naturally reared fry larvae typically become available in mid to late May. However, this timing results in smaller fish sizes during the same year and a low survival rate through winter. To address this issue, local squid farmers have traditionally imported fry from southern Wuzi using air transport. Although this method helps improve availability, it is costly and increases the risk of introducing pathogens. In 2004, the author conducted an artificial breeding experiment in early spring (March and April) to achieve earlier fry release, aiming to boost production and income. The study involved several key stages: **1. Broodstock Breeding and Selection** - **Breeding Ponds**: Eight acres of rectangular plastic greenhouses were used. The bottom sludge was 10–15 cm deep, with a water depth of 1.2 meters. Before stocking, the ponds were treated with dry lime at 100–150 kg per mu. - **Broodstock Source**: A total of 875 sturgeon were used, including 575 females and 300 males, weighing between 1.0 and 4.0 kg. They were selected based on their maturity and health. - **Feeding and Management**: Stocking density was 50–80 per mu, with feed given 1–2 times daily at 5–10% of body weight. After 30 days, gonads developed well. - **Selection Criteria**: Healthy individuals with no injuries, smooth skin, and active behavior were chosen. Females had large, soft bellies, while males were smaller with rough pelvic fins. **2. Artificial Oxytocin and Incubation** - **Oxytocin Production**: A cement pool (3.8m x 3.1m x 1.2m) was used, with Yellow River water maintained at 22–26°C. A mixture of DOM and LRH-A2 was injected into the broodstock (3 mg DOM + 10 μg LRH-A2 per kg of female, with male doses halved). - **Artificial Insemination**: Dry insemination was performed. Eggs were collected by gently squeezing the females, then mixed with milt from males. Fertilized eggs were transferred to muddy water for coating before being placed in hatching tanks. - **Hatching Process**: Eggs were incubated in running water, with about 800,000 eggs per cubic meter. Hatching rates were monitored by sampling 100 eggs regularly. **3. Fry Cultivation** - **Pre-cultivation**: Ponds were prepared with quicklime and fermented manure. Water was introduced 10 days before stocking, with a density of 120,000–150,000 fry per mu. - **Incubation Period**: Newly hatched larvae (3.2–4.3 mm) were fed cooked egg yolk initially. As they grew, soy milk and fertilizers were used. Regular checks helped prevent disease outbreaks. **Results** - **Broodstock Performance**: Out of 875 broodstock, 114 were semi-productive, giving an egg production rate of 80.18%. Effective fertility was 49 eggs per gram of body weight. - **Hatching Rate**: Three batches were produced, with the second batch showing a 15.38% lower hatching rate due to residual enzymes from previous hatches. - **Survival Rates**: Fry reached lengths of 19.87 mm, with over 3 million exceeding 24 mm. Survival rates were 95.7% for flower fry and 35% for wuzi fry. **Discussion** - Early propagation using plastic greenhouses allowed fry to be released 20 days earlier than natural conditions, improving productivity and economic returns. - Timing was crucial, as weather changes influenced spawning success. Maintaining proper water temperature and flow prevented unwanted self-spawning. - Disease prevention, especially against aquatic mold, was essential. Methylene blue treatment helped reduce infections. - Despite the benefits, early fry faced challenges such as cold snaps, which affected growth and survival. Therefore, controlled environments are needed for early seedlings. - Spawning volume was lower in later batches, likely due to younger or older broodstock. Optimal broodstock age ranged from 2 to 6 years, with proper feeding enhancing fertility. This experiment demonstrated that artificial breeding could significantly improve fish production in Ningxia, offering a sustainable and economically viable alternative to traditional methods.

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