1. Construction of Mountain Chicken Farms and Chicken Houses
(1) Site Selection. When choosing a location for raising mountain chickens, it's best to select areas with dense vegetation, plenty of ants, and good isolation from other animals. It's also beneficial to plant some high-quality forage grasses, along with crops like sweet potatoes, corn, sorghum, and soybeans, which can be used as supplementary feed for the chickens. This helps in reducing feeding costs and ensures a more balanced diet.
(2) Building the Chicken House. The design of the chicken house should take local conditions into account, using natural materials such as stone, bamboo, or wood to ensure the structure is cool in summer and warm in winter. Bamboo wire mesh can be used for fencing, and small shrubs can be planted in larger areas to provide additional shade and natural cover. For smaller-scale farms with scattered animals, a fence may not even be necessary, as the open environment can naturally limit predator access.
2. Variety Selection for Black-Bone Chickens
When selecting black-bone chicken breeds for mountain farming, it’s important to choose varieties that are hardy, have strong disease resistance, and produce high-quality meat that is popular among consumers. These chickens should also be able to adapt well to rough feeding conditions, making them more suitable for free-range or semi-free-range systems.
3. Feeding Practices in Mountainous Areas
Due to the active lifestyle of mountain-raised chickens, they require more energy in their diet. In addition to foraging for food naturally, it's essential to supplement their feed with energy-rich ingredients. Feeding times are usually during the day and at night. The amount of supplementation depends on how much the chickens can naturally consume. For example, if they get 40% of their energy needs from foraging, then 60% should come from added feed.
4. Environmental Disinfection and Pest Control
(1) Disinfection. Whether the chickens are raised in a fenced area or not, regular disinfection is crucial to prevent disease outbreaks. Lime can be spread in the rearing area, typically once a week, or chemical disinfectants such as 100 ppm chlorine solutions or benzalkonium chloride can be used. This helps maintain a clean and healthy living environment for the birds.
(2) Pest and Disease Control. Even though free-range chickens tend to be more resilient, they are still vulnerable to external infections and parasites. Therefore, regular vaccination and deworming programs must be implemented to ensure the health and productivity of the flock.
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