Banlangen, a commonly used medicinal herb, is susceptible to several diseases. Here are the four main ones and their control measures:
First, downy mildew. This disease typically starts on the lower leaves and spreads upward. Affected leaves show an off-white, powdery coating on the underside, while the upper surface may appear slightly yellow or green. As the disease progresses, small green spots develop into brown lesions. In severe cases, the entire leaf turns brown, dries up, and dies. To manage this, remove infected leaves after harvest and destroy them. Ensure proper drainage and good air circulation in the field. Avoid over-crowding and maintain appropriate planting density. At the early stage of infection, apply a 1:100–150 dilution of Bordeaux mixture, or spray 65% dexamethasone at 500 times dilution, or use 25% Rhizoctonia WP diluted 1000 times. Make sure to thoroughly spray both sides of the leaves.
Second, gray spot disease. This condition causes small, round lesions on the leaves, measuring 2–6 mm in diameter. The center of the lesion is gray, with a brown border. The affected areas are thin and often break through, leading to holes. As the disease advances, the entire leaf becomes necrotic. When humidity is high, a white mold layer appears on the leaf surface. Control methods are similar to those for downy mildew, including proper field management and timely application of fungicides.
Third, root rot. This disease affects the fibrous roots and the main root system, causing dark brown discoloration and rotting of the vascular tissues. As it worsens, the entire root system rots, leading to wilting and eventual death of the plant. Prevention includes crop rotation, using well-drained sandy loam soil, and applying 50% carbendazim or thiophanate-methyl at a 1000-fold dilution when symptoms first appear.
Fourth, Sclerotinia disease. This fungal infection attacks the roots, stems, and pods. Initially, the leaves develop water-soaked, dark-brown lesions that eventually cause the leaf to rot, leaving only the veins intact. The stem may become soft and collapse, covered in white fungal threads. Black sclerotia form inside and outside the stems and leaves, especially at the base. In the later stages, the whole plant turns yellow and dies. Control measures include rotating crops between paddy and upland fields, ensuring proper drainage during rainy seasons, maintaining good ventilation, and spraying 65% zeocin zinc at 600 times dilution or 1000 times dilution of thiophanate-methyl at the early stage of infection.
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