First, the causes of hollow in celery:
1. In protected cultivation, if the temperature is too low, there's insufficient light or frost damage, which can reduce the photosynthetic activity of the leaves. This leads to a blockage in the root system's ability to absorb nutrients and water, ultimately resulting in hollow petioles.
2. In open field cultivation, high temperatures and drought are the main reasons for hollowing. Especially during summer, when the difference between day and night temperatures is small, excessive respiration occurs. If soil moisture is unevenly distributed, it can inhibit the roots' ability to absorb and transport essential elements. This not only affects the growth of the terminal buds but also causes thickening of the wall tissues in the petiole, aging of cells in the vascular tissues, and rupture of parenchyma cells.
If harvesting is delayed, the root’s absorption capacity declines, leading to malnutrition, cell rupture, loose tissue, and eventually hollow petioles.
3. Improper management of water and fertilizer can also cause hollow. Celery has a weak root system that is sensitive to fertilizer. It requires balanced nutrition, with nitrogen being a major component during the growing phase. A lack of phosphate fertilizers can hinder leaf development and result in thin seedlings early on, making it crucial to apply phosphate fertilizers at an early stage. During the middle and later stages, potassium plays a key role in nutrient transport, stem strengthening, and overall plant vigor. When the nutritional needs are not met or water supply is inadequate, growth is stunted, and hollow petioles may develop.
4. Under similar conditions of water and fertilizer, if the soil is saline or alkaline, or if the soil texture is too clayey or sandy, it increases the likelihood of hollow petioles. Additionally, severe pest and disease infestations can exacerbate this issue.
Second, measures to prevent hollow:
1. Choose high-quality, disease-resistant, and vigorous varieties from reliable seed suppliers. This ensures a strong genetic base for healthy growth.
2. Select suitable land for planting. Sandy loam soils rich in organic matter, with good water retention, fertility, and drainage, are ideal. The soil pH should be neutral or slightly acidic. Avoid planting in clay or sandy soils, as they are less favorable for celery growth.
3. Maintain optimal temperature conditions. Celery is cold-tolerant and thrives in cool, humid environments. In indoor cultivation, daytime temperatures should be around 15-23°C, not exceeding 25°C, while nighttime temperatures should be about 10°C, not lower than 5°C. On cloudy, rainy, or snowy days, temperatures should not drop too low to avoid freezing injury or early bolting. Proper ventilation helps control humidity and reduce disease risk, while also reducing respiration and promoting petiole thickening.
4. Implement timely and proper watering and fertilization. Apply sufficient base fertilizer, such as 5,000 kg of organic manure per 667 square meters, along with 100-200 kg of fermented chicken manure or 15 kg of diammonium phosphate. During the growing season, top-dressing with quick-release nitrogen and potassium fertilizers, about 20 kg per 667 square meters every 15 days, is recommended. Avoid over-fertilizing, and use small, frequent irrigation. If boron deficiency is detected, foliar application of 0.3%-0.5% solution can help. Keep the soil consistently moist (60%-80% moisture) during the growing season, and ensure proper drainage in summer to prevent waterlogging.
5. Timely pest and disease control is essential to maintain strong leaf photosynthesis and ensure adequate nutrient supply to the petiole cells. A healthy plant is more resistant to hollowing. Harvesting at the right time is also a critical measure to prevent hollow petioles and ensure quality produce.
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