In August, the management of vegetable fields became especially critical due to a combination of high temperatures, intense sunlight, drizzly weather, and heavy rains. Farmers needed to pay close attention to drought resistance, flood prevention, fertilization, weeding, flowering, fruit retention, and pest control. Each crop required specific care to ensure healthy growth and high yield.
For tomatoes, it was essential to carefully manage fertilizer and water use early on. After fruit set, timely application of nutrients helped prevent diseases such as early blight, gray mold, and viral infections, while also controlling pests like aphids and bollworms.
Chili peppers grown in early spring for continuous harvest required careful monitoring of water and fertilizer levels to maintain soil moisture. Special attention was given to tobacco thrips. Autumn and late autumn chili peppers focused more on preventing viral diseases and outbreaks.
Eggplants that were replanted needed consistent watering and fertilization to keep the soil moist. Disease control for Verticillium wilt, gray mold, and brown spot was crucial. For autumn or late autumn eggplants, fertilizer management should begin about 10 days after planting, with irrigation during dry periods and drainage after heavy rain.
Cucumbers, after their initial growth phase, required focused pest control. Once they had 2–3 true leaves, downy mildew could be controlled by spraying every seven days. When they reached 3–4 true leaves, a 40% ethephon solution at 100 mg/L was applied twice, with spraying every two days.
For autumn zucchini, the main concern was preventing viral diseases. During the early growth stage, aphid control was vital. After storms, proper drainage was necessary, and timely cultivation was important after watering, topdressing, or heavy rainfall.
Autumn squash planted between late July and early September required vine pruning. Selecting 1–2 strong base buds and applying a 30% diluted human urine solution helped promote new growth, while maintaining soil moisture was key.
Watermelon crops benefited from drought-resistant practices during the mid-growth stage, using 30% decomposed manure for top dressing. Irrigation should be done through ditches rather than flooding, keeping the surface consistently moist. Shade nets or grass mats were used to protect the plants from sunburn, erosion, and insect damage.
During hot and dry periods, live melons were watered using the "dark water" method. After rain, drainage channels needed immediate clearing, especially after heavy rain. Using well or deep river water was recommended to avoid washing away leaves and affecting nutrient uptake. Cultivation was essential after topdressing or heavy rain, and regular pest and disease control was necessary.
Before flowering and podding, live cowpeas required frequent cultivation to keep the soil moist. After each harvest, which occurred 2–3 times, additional manure was applied. Timely topping of main vines and removal of yellow, old leaves helped prevent rust and other diseases.
Summer and early autumn cabbages faced risks of soft rot and pests like Spodoptera litura. Pre-planting watering and timely seedling care were important. Maintaining consistent moisture during the rosette stage and managing water during head formation were crucial for healthy growth.
Early autumn radishes needed constant soil moisture, with timely watering. Pest and disease prevention was a priority. After emergence, 2.5% trichlorfon powder (3.5 kg per acre) was applied, followed by a 40% dimethoate spray to control aphids. Additional sprays of 90% trichlorfon and 80% EDFO were used for broader pest and disease control.
Celery required shade nets or straw curtains to protect from excessive heat. Regular top dressing and watering kept the soil moist, while timely control of aphids, soft rot, and leaf spot ensured healthy growth.
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