In August, the management of vegetable fields became especially critical due to a combination of persistent high temperatures, intense sunlight, light autumn rains, and heavy downpours. Farmers needed to implement strict measures to protect crops from drought, flooding, nutrient deficiency, weed growth, flowering issues, fruit retention, and pest infestations.
For tomatoes, it was crucial to carefully manage fertilizer and water levels. After the fruits set, timely fertilization was essential to prevent early blight, gray mold, viral diseases, aphids, and bollworms. Chili peppers grown in early spring for continuous harvest required careful attention to irrigation and fertilization to maintain soil moisture and control tobacco thrips. Autumn and late-season chilies focused on preventing viral outbreaks and disease spread.
Eggplants that were replanted needed consistent watering and fertilization to keep the soil moist. Strong measures were necessary to control Verticillium wilt, gray mold, and brown spot disease. For autumn and late-season eggplants, fertilizer application should be increased about 10 days after planting. In case of drought, fertilized irrigation was recommended, while immediate drainage was required after heavy rain.
After the fall of cucumber vines, focus shifted to pest control. When seedlings had 2-3 true leaves, downy mildew control was done every 7 days. At 3-4 true leaves, a 40% ethephon solution at 100 mg/liter was applied twice, with spraying every two days.
For autumn zucchini, preventing viral diseases was key. Early growth stages required attention to aphid control. After storms, drainage systems needed to be cleared, and soil cultivation should be done promptly after watering, top-dressing, or heavy rainfall.
From late July to early September, autumn squash plants were pruned by cutting back withered vines and selecting 1-2 strong base buds. A 30% diluted human urine solution was applied, and the soil was kept consistently moist.
Watermelon and melon crops during the mid-growth period benefited from drought-resistant practices, using 30% decomposed animal manure as top dressing. Irrigation should be done through ditches without flooding. The surface should remain moist, and shade nets or grass mats were used to protect against sun exposure, erosion, and insect damage.
During hot and dry periods, live melons were watered using the "dark water" method. After rain, drainage ditches needed to be cleared immediately, especially after heavy rains. It was best to use well water or deep river water to avoid washing away nutrients and damaging foliage. After top-dressing or heavy rain, timely soil cultivation was essential, along with regular pest and disease monitoring.
Before flowering and podding in live cowpeas, seedlings were mainly managed, and the soil was kept moist after each harvest. After each harvest, 2-3 times of top-dressing with manure was recommended. Main vines should be topped, and yellowing older leaves removed to prevent rust.
Summer and early autumn cabbages required protection against soft rot and pests like Spodoptera litura. Before planting, proper watering and timely seedling establishment were important. During the rosette stage, frequent watering was needed to maintain soil moisture. As the head began to form, careful attention to watering was essential.
Early autumn radishes needed consistent soil moisture, with timely watering. Special attention was given to pest and disease prevention. After emergence, 2.5% trichlorfon powder was applied at 3.5 kg per acre, followed by a 40% dimethoate spray at 1000 times dilution to control aphids. A 90% trichlorfon spray at 800 times and 80% EDFO at 400 times were used to manage other pests and downy mildew.
Celery required timely shading with netting or straw curtains, along with increased fertilization and watering to maintain soil moisture. Regular monitoring and control of aphids, soft rot, and leaf spot were essential.
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