Peach tree leaf disease has good winter protection

Peach leaf disease, a fungal infection belonging to the Ascomycota phylum, is one of the most prevalent and destructive diseases affecting peach trees. In severe cases, up to 90% of young trees, shoots, and over 60% of young fruits can be damaged. This not only significantly reduces yield, fruit quality, and profitability but also weakens the overall health of the tree, leading to lower production in the following year. In other words, a single season of infection can cause losses for two years, making it a major threat to peach cultivation in Yunnan. Symptoms of the disease primarily affect the leaves, though in severe cases, young shoots and fruits are also impacted. Early on, newly emerging leaves curl out of the bud scales and turn red. As the leaves grow, the affected areas expand, the red color intensifies, and the leaf tissue becomes thicker and more brittle. Over time, the infected areas change from red to yellow-white or silvery-white, forming the ascostromata of the fungus. Eventually, they turn dark brown and fall off like burnt pieces. Infected young shoots show shortened internodes and thickened, often deformed growth. When fruits are affected, they tend to drop prematurely, become misshapen, and develop cracked surfaces. The disease cycle begins when spores (ascospores) overwinter on the bark of peach buds and branches. Under favorable temperature conditions, they continue to reproduce. These spores remain on the bark, scales, or within the leaves during winter. When peach buds begin to sprout in spring, the spores germinate and penetrate the leaf epidermis directly or enter through stomata, causing initial infections. Before the leaves fully open, the back of the leaf is infected, and after unfolding, an ascospore layer forms in early summer, producing new spores. The occurrence and severity of the disease are closely linked to early spring weather. Cool temperatures (10°C–16°C), frequent rain, and high humidity create ideal conditions for infection. Dry and sunny days during the disease outbreak lead to heavy infestations, while dry and hot weather can reduce the spread. A similar climate in late August to September can also trigger a secondary outbreak. Control measures are crucial for managing this disease. Spraying at the right time is essential, as most fungicides are ineffective once the disease has progressed. According to experiments, applying 150–200 times diluted Bordeaux mixture when peach buds start to sprout but before the scales open yields the best results. Copper ions in the mixture are highly effective against the pathogen, and the lime in the solution neutralizes acidity, preventing damage to the tree. If possible, spraying with 3-degree lime sulfur in mid-December to early January, followed by a Bordeaux mixture application 40 days later, can provide better protection. In the early stages of the disease, removing and burning infected leaves, along with spraying 0.3-degree lime sulfur or 1500 times diluted 70% thiophanate methyl, or 800 times diluted 80% mancozeb, can help control the spread. When the disease is severe, it’s important to apply fertilizers and nutrients promptly to help the tree recover its vitality. This approach is recommended by Yunnan Agricultural University and has proven effective in restoring tree health and long-term productivity.

PC Board Venlo Greenhouse

Venlo structure is a popular one at present. This architecture uses horizontal girder as main bearer, forming a stable structure with columns. There is consolidation between horizontal girder and column, and hinge is used to connect column and foundation.
In Venlo greenhouse, foundation is made of reinforced concrete and the side wall is made of brick or reinforced concrete plate. The steel frame always use hot dip galvanized light steel. Roof beam adopts horizontal girder structure and using herringbone connection. The horizontal girder bears 2 or more roofs, which is made of aluminum alloy. This material is used as roof structure material and also glass inlay material. Other beams using gutter style to minimize the section. Delighting material of the roof and side wall using the hollow double-layer or multilayer PC board.
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